Module:String
Taken from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Module%3AString%2Fdoc&action=edit
This module is intended to provide access to basic string functions.
Most of the functions provided here can be invoked with named parameters, unnamed parameters, or a mixture. If named parameters are used, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from the parameter. Depending on the intended use, it may be advantageous to either preserve or remove such whitespace.
Global options[edit]
- ignore_errors
- If set to 'true' or 1, any error condition will result in an empty string being returned rather than an error message.
- error_category
- If an error occurs, specifies the name of a category to include with the error message.
- This has not been changed from the wikipedia version, so it may not work.
- no_category
- If set to 'true' or 1, no category will be added if an error is generated.
Unit tests for this module are available at Module:String/testcases.
len[edit]
Use #len instead.
sub[edit]
Use #sub instead
match[edit]
This function returns a substring from the source string that matches a specified pattern.
Usage:
{{#invoke:String|match|source_string|pattern_string|start_index|match_number|plain_flag|nomatch_output}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|match|s= source_string |pattern= pattern_string |start= start_index |match= match_number |plain= plain_flag |nomatch= nomatch_output }}
Parameters:
- s
- The string to search
- pattern
- The pattern or string to find within the string
- start
- The index within the source string to start the search. The first character of the string has index 1. Defaults to 1.
- match
- In some cases it may be possible to make multiple matches on a single string. This specifies which match to return, where the first match is match= 1. If a negative number is specified then a match is returned counting from the last match. Hence match = -1 is the same as requesting the last match. Defaults to 1.
- plain
- Boolean flag indicating that pattern should be understood as plain text and not as a Scribunto ustring pattern (a unicode-friendly Lua-style regular expression). Defaults to false (to change:
plain=true
) - nomatch
- If no match is found, output the "nomatch" value rather than an error.
- ignore_errors
- If no match is found and ignore_errors=true, output an empty string rather than an error.
If the match_number or start_index are out of range for the string being queried, then this function generates an error. An error is also generated if no match is found. If one adds the parameter ignore_errors=true, then the error will be suppressed and an empty string will be returned on any failure.
For information on constructing Lua patterns, a form of regular expression, see:
Examples:
{{#invoke:String|match| abc123def456 |%d+}}
→ 123{{#invoke:String|match|s= abc123def456 |pattern= %d+ }}
→ 123{{#invoke:String|match| abc123def456 |%d+|6}}
→ 23{{#invoke:String|match|s= abc123def456 |pattern= %d+ |start= 6 }}
→ 3{{#invoke:String|match|s= abc123def456 |pattern= %d+ |start= 6 |match= 2 }}
→ 456{{#invoke:String|match|s= abc123%d+ |pattern= %d+ }}
→ 123{{#invoke:String|match|s= abc123%d+ |pattern= %d+ |plain= true }}
→ %d+{{#invoke:String|match|s= abc |pattern= %d }}
→ String Module Error: Match not found{{#invoke:String|match|s= abc |pattern= %d |nomatch= No numeric characters in string }}
→ No numeric characters in string{{#invoke:String|match|s= abc |pattern= %d |ignore_errors= true }}
→{{#invoke:String|match|s= 0012001200 |pattern= 0*(%d*) }}
→ 12001200
pos[edit]
This function returns a single character from the target string at position pos.
Usage:
{{#invoke:String|pos|target_string|index_value}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|pos|target= target_string |pos= index_value }}
Parameters:
- target
- The string to search
- pos
- The index for the character to return
The first character has an index value of 1.
If one requests a negative value, this function will select a character by counting backwards from the end of the string. In other words pos = -1 is the same as asking for the last character.
A requested value of zero, or a value greater than the length of the string returns an error.
Examples:
{{#invoke:String|pos| abcdefghi | 4 }}
→ c{{#invoke:String|pos|target= abcdefghi |pos= 4 }}
→ d
find[edit]
This function allows one to search for a target string or pattern within another string.
Usage:
{{#invoke:String|find|source_string|target_string|start_index|plain_flag}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|find|source= source_string |target= target_string |start= start_index |plain= plain_flag }}
Parameters:
- source
- The string to search
- target
- The string or pattern to find within source
- start
- The index within the source string to start the search, defaults to 1
- plain
- Boolean flag indicating that target should be understood as plain text and not as a Scribunto ustring pattern (a unicode-friendly Lua-style regular expression); defaults to true
This function returns the first index >= "start" where "target" can be found within "source". Indices are 1-based. If "target" is not found, then this function returns 0. If either "source" or "target" are missing / empty, this function also returns 0.
This function should be safe for UTF-8 strings.
Examples:
{{#invoke:String|find|abc123def|12}}
→ 4{{#invoke:String|find|source=abc123def|target=12}}
→ 4{{#invoke:String|find|source=abc123def|target=pqr}}
→ 0{{#invoke:String|find| abc123def |123}}
→ 5{{#invoke:String|find|source= abc123def |target= 123 }}
→ 4{{#invoke:String|find|source=abc123def|target=%d |start=3 |plain=false }}
→ 4
When using unnamed parameters, preceding and trailing spaces are kept and counted:
{{#invoke:String|find| abc123def |c|false}}
→ 5{{#invoke:String|find|source= abc123def |target=c|plain=false}}
→ 3{{#invoke:string|find|abc 123 def|%s|plain=false}}
→ 4
Testing for the presence of a string:
{{#ifexpr|{{#invoke:string|find|haystack|needle}}|Found needle|Didn't find needle}}
→ Didn't find needle
replace (gsub)[edit]
This function allows one to replace a target string or pattern within another string. To Lua programmers: this function works internally by calling mw.ustring.gsub
.
Usage:
{{#invoke:String|replace|source_str|pattern_string|replace_string|replacement_count|plain_flag}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|replace|source= source_string |pattern= pattern_string |replace= replace_string |count= replacement_count |plain= plain_flag }}
Parameters:
- source
- The string to search
- pattern
- The string or pattern to find within source
- replace
- The replacement text
- count
- The number of occurrences to replace; defaults to all
- plain
- Boolean flag indicating that pattern should be understood as plain text and not as a Scribunto ustring pattern (a unicode-friendly Lua-style regular expression). Defaults to true
Examples:
"{{#invoke:String|replace| abc123def456 |123|XYZ}}"
→ " abcXYZdef456 ""{{#invoke:String|replace|source= abc123def456 |pattern= 123 |replace= XYZ }}"
→ "abcXYZdef456""{{#invoke:String|replace| abc123def456 |%d+|XYZ|1|false}}"
→ " abcXYZdef456 ""{{#invoke:String|replace|source= abc123def456 |pattern= %d+ |replace= XYZ |count=1 |plain= false }}"
→ "abcXYZdef456""{{#invoke:String|replace|source= abc123def456 |pattern= %d+ |replace= XYZ |plain= false }}"
→ "abcXYZdefXYZ"{{#invoke:String|replace|source= 0012001200 |pattern= ^0* |plain= false }}
→ 12001200
rep[edit]
Repeats a string n times. A simple function to pipe string.rep to templates.
Usage:
{{#invoke:String|rep|source|count}}
Parameters:
- source
- The string to repeat
- count
- The number of repetitions.
Examples:
"{{#invoke:String|rep|hello|3}}"
→ "hellohellohello""{{#invoke:String|rep| hello | 3 }}"
→ " hello hello hello "
escapePattern[edit]
In a Lua pattern, changes a class character into a literal character. For example: in a pattern, character .
catches "any character"; escapePattern will convert it to %.
, catching just the literal character ".".
Usage:
{{#invoke:String|escapePattern|pattern_string}}
Parameters:
- pattern_string
- The pattern string to escape
Examples:
"{{#invoke:String|escapePattern|A.D.}}"
→ "A%.D%.""{{#invoke:String|escapePattern|10%}}"
→ "10%%"
count[edit]
Counts the number of times a given pattern appears in the arguments that get passed on to this module. Counts disjoint matches only.
Usage:
{{#invoke:String|count|source_str|pattern_string|plain_flag}}
OR
{{#invoke:String|count|source= source_string |pattern= pattern_string|plain= plain_flag }}
Parameters:
- source_string
- The string to count occurrences in
- pattern
- The string or pattern to count occurrences of within source
- plain
- Boolean flag indicating that pattern should be understood as plain text and not as a Scribunto ustring pattern (a unicode-friendly Lua-style regular expression). Defaults to true
Examples:
- Count of 'a':
"{{#invoke:String|count|aabbcc|a}}"
→ "2" - Count occurrences of 'aba':
"{{#invoke:String|count|ababababab|aba}}"
→ "2" - Count of "either 'a' or 'c' ":
"{{#invoke:String|count|aabbcc|[ac]|plain=false}}"
→ "4" - Count of "not 'a' ":
"{{#invoke:String|count|aaabaaac|[^a]|plain=false}}"
→ "2" - Count of "starts with 'a' ":
"{{#invoke:String|count|aaabaaac|^a|plain=false}}"
→ "1"
join[edit]
Joins all strings passed as arguments into one string, treating the first argument as a separator.
Usage:
{{#invoke:String|join|separator|string1|string2|...}}
Parameters:
- separator
- String that separates each string being joined together
- Note that leading and trailing spaces are not stripped from the separator.
- string1/string2/...
- Strings being joined together
Examples:
"{{#invoke:String|join|x|foo|bar|baz}}"
→ "fooxbarxbaz""{{#invoke:String|join||a|b|c|d|e|f|g}}"
→ "abcdefg""{{#invoke:String|join|,|a|b|c|d|e|f|g}}"
→ "a,b,c,d,e,f,g""{{#invoke:String|join|, |a|b|c|d|e|f|g}}"
→ "a, b, c, d, e, f, g""{{#invoke:String|join| – |a|b|c|d|e|f|g}}"
→ "a – b – c – d – e – f – g"
The preceding example uses the html entity – but the unicode character also works.
--[[ This module is intended to provide access to basic string functions. Most of the functions provided here can be invoked with named parameters, unnamed parameters, or a mixture. If named parameters are used, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from the parameter. Depending on the intended use, it may be advantageous to either preserve or remove such whitespace. Global options ignore_errors: If set to 'true' or 1, any error condition will result in an empty string being returned rather than an error message. error_category: If an error occurs, specifies the name of a category to include with the error message. The default category is [Category:Errors reported by Module String]. no_category: If set to 'true' or 1, no category will be added if an error is generated. Unit tests for this module are available at Module:String/tests. ]] local str = {} --[[ len This function returns the length of the target string. Usage: {{#invoke:String|len|target_string|}} OR {{#invoke:String|len|s=target_string}} Parameters s: The string whose length to report If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from the target string. ]] function str.len( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'s'} ) local s = new_args['s'] or '' return mw.ustring.len( s ) end --[[ sub This function returns a substring of the target string at specified indices. Usage: {{#invoke:String|sub|target_string|start_index|end_index}} OR {{#invoke:String|sub|s=target_string|i=start_index|j=end_index}} Parameters s: The string to return a subset of i: The first index of the substring to return, defaults to 1. j: The last index of the string to return, defaults to the last character. The first character of the string is assigned an index of 1. If either i or j is a negative value, it is interpreted the same as selecting a character by counting from the end of the string. Hence, a value of -1 is the same as selecting the last character of the string. If the requested indices are out of range for the given string, an error is reported. ]] function str.sub( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, { 's', 'i', 'j' } ) local s = new_args['s'] or '' local i = tonumber( new_args['i'] ) or 1 local j = tonumber( new_args['j'] ) or -1 local len = mw.ustring.len( s ) -- Convert negatives for range checking if i < 0 then i = len + i + 1 end if j < 0 then j = len + j + 1 end if i > len or j > len or i < 1 or j < 1 then return str._error( 'String subset index out of range' ) end if j < i then return str._error( 'String subset indices out of order' ) end return mw.ustring.sub( s, i, j ) end --[[ _match This function returns a substring from the source string that matches a specified pattern. It is exported for use in other modules Usage: strmatch = require("Module:String")._match sresult = strmatch( s, pattern, start, match, plain, nomatch ) Parameters s: The string to search pattern: The pattern or string to find within the string start: The index within the source string to start the search. The first character of the string has index 1. Defaults to 1. match: In some cases it may be possible to make multiple matches on a single string. This specifies which match to return, where the first match is match= 1. If a negative number is specified then a match is returned counting from the last match. Hence match = -1 is the same as requesting the last match. Defaults to 1. plain: A flag indicating that the pattern should be understood as plain text. Defaults to false. nomatch: If no match is found, output the "nomatch" value rather than an error. For information on constructing Lua patterns, a form of [regular expression], see: * http://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/manual.html#5.4.1 * http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Patterns * http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Ustring_patterns ]] -- This sub-routine is exported for use in other modules function str._match( s, pattern, start, match_index, plain_flag, nomatch ) if s == '' then return str._error( 'Target string is empty' ) end if pattern == '' then return str._error( 'Pattern string is empty' ) end start = tonumber(start) or 1 if math.abs(start) < 1 or math.abs(start) > mw.ustring.len( s ) then return str._error( 'Requested start is out of range' ) end if match_index == 0 then return str._error( 'Match index is out of range' ) end if plain_flag then pattern = str._escapePattern( pattern ) end local result if match_index == 1 then -- Find first match is simple case result = mw.ustring.match( s, pattern, start ) else if start > 1 then s = mw.ustring.sub( s, start ) end local iterator = mw.ustring.gmatch(s, pattern) if match_index > 0 then -- Forward search for w in iterator do match_index = match_index - 1 if match_index == 0 then result = w break end end else -- Reverse search local result_table = {} local count = 1 for w in iterator do result_table[count] = w count = count + 1 end result = result_table[ count + match_index ] end end if result == nil then if nomatch == nil then return str._error( 'Match not found' ) else return nomatch end else return result end end --[[ match This function returns a substring from the source string that matches a specified pattern. Usage: {{#invoke:String|match|source_string|pattern_string|start_index|match_number|plain_flag|nomatch_output}} OR {{#invoke:String|match|s=source_string|pattern=pattern_string|start=start_index |match=match_number|plain=plain_flag|nomatch=nomatch_output}} Parameters s: The string to search pattern: The pattern or string to find within the string start: The index within the source string to start the search. The first character of the string has index 1. Defaults to 1. match: In some cases it may be possible to make multiple matches on a single string. This specifies which match to return, where the first match is match= 1. If a negative number is specified then a match is returned counting from the last match. Hence match = -1 is the same as requesting the last match. Defaults to 1. plain: A flag indicating that the pattern should be understood as plain text. Defaults to false. nomatch: If no match is found, output the "nomatch" value rather than an error. If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from each string. In some circumstances this is desirable, in other cases one may want to preserve the whitespace. If the match_number or start_index are out of range for the string being queried, then this function generates an error. An error is also generated if no match is found. If one adds the parameter ignore_errors=true, then the error will be suppressed and an empty string will be returned on any failure. For information on constructing Lua patterns, a form of [regular expression], see: * http://www.lua.org/manual/5.1/manual.html#5.4.1 * http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Patterns * http://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Ustring_patterns ]] -- This is the entry point for #invoke:String|match function str.match( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'s', 'pattern', 'start', 'match', 'plain', 'nomatch'} ) local s = new_args['s'] or '' local start = tonumber( new_args['start'] ) or 1 local plain_flag = str._getBoolean( new_args['plain'] or false ) local pattern = new_args['pattern'] or '' local match_index = math.floor( tonumber(new_args['match']) or 1 ) local nomatch = new_args['nomatch'] return str._match( s, pattern, start, match_index, plain_flag, nomatch ) end --[[ pos This function returns a single character from the target string at position pos. Usage: {{#invoke:String|pos|target_string|index_value}} OR {{#invoke:String|pos|target=target_string|pos=index_value}} Parameters target: The string to search pos: The index for the character to return If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from the target string. In some circumstances this is desirable, in other cases one may want to preserve the whitespace. The first character has an index value of 1. If one requests a negative value, this function will select a character by counting backwards from the end of the string. In other words pos = -1 is the same as asking for the last character. A requested value of zero, or a value greater than the length of the string returns an error. ]] function str.pos( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'target', 'pos'} ) local target_str = new_args['target'] or '' local pos = tonumber( new_args['pos'] ) or 0 if pos == 0 or math.abs(pos) > mw.ustring.len( target_str ) then return str._error( 'String index out of range' ) end return mw.ustring.sub( target_str, pos, pos ) end --[[ find This function allows one to search for a target string or pattern within another string. Usage: {{#invoke:String|find|source_str|target_string|start_index|plain_flag}} OR {{#invoke:String|find|source=source_str|target=target_str|start=start_index|plain=plain_flag}} Parameters source: The string to search target: The string or pattern to find within source start: The index within the source string to start the search, defaults to 1 plain: Boolean flag indicating that target should be understood as plain text and not as a Lua style regular expression, defaults to true If invoked using named parameters, Mediawiki will automatically remove any leading or trailing whitespace from the parameter. In some circumstances this is desirable, in other cases one may want to preserve the whitespace. This function returns the first index >= "start" where "target" can be found within "source". Indices are 1-based. If "target" is not found, then this function returns 0. If either "source" or "target" are missing / empty, this function also returns 0. This function should be safe for UTF-8 strings. ]] function str.find( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'source', 'target', 'start', 'plain' } ) local source_str = new_args['source'] or '' local pattern = new_args['target'] or '' local start_pos = tonumber(new_args['start']) or 1 local plain = new_args['plain'] or true if source_str == '' or pattern == '' then return 0 end plain = str._getBoolean( plain ) local start = mw.ustring.find( source_str, pattern, start_pos, plain ) if start == nil then start = 0 end return start end --[[ replace This function allows one to replace a target string or pattern within another string. Usage: {{#invoke:String|replace|source_str|pattern_string|replace_string|replacement_count|plain_flag}} OR {{#invoke:String|replace|source=source_string|pattern=pattern_string|replace=replace_string| count=replacement_count|plain=plain_flag}} Parameters source: The string to search pattern: The string or pattern to find within source replace: The replacement text count: The number of occurences to replace, defaults to all. plain: Boolean flag indicating that pattern should be understood as plain text and not as a Lua style regular expression, defaults to true ]] function str.replace( frame ) local new_args = str._getParameters( frame.args, {'source', 'pattern', 'replace', 'count', 'plain' } ) local source_str = new_args['source'] or '' local pattern = new_args['pattern'] or '' local replace = new_args['replace'] or '' local count = tonumber( new_args['count'] ) local plain = new_args['plain'] or true if source_str == '' or pattern == '' then return source_str end plain = str._getBoolean( plain ) if plain then pattern = str._escapePattern( pattern ) replace = string.gsub( replace, "%%", "%%%%" ) --Only need to escape replacement sequences. end local result if count ~= nil then result = mw.ustring.gsub( source_str, pattern, replace, count ) else result = mw.ustring.gsub( source_str, pattern, replace ) end return result end --[[ simple function to pipe string.rep to templates. ]] function str.rep( frame ) local repetitions = tonumber( frame.args[2] ) if not repetitions then return str._error( 'function rep expects a number as second parameter, received "' .. ( frame.args[2] or '' ) .. '"' ) end return string.rep( frame.args[1] or '', repetitions ) end --[[ escapePattern This function escapes special characters from a Lua string pattern. See [1] for details on how patterns work. [1] https://www.mediawiki.org/wiki/Extension:Scribunto/Lua_reference_manual#Patterns Usage: {{#invoke:String|escapePattern|pattern_string}} Parameters pattern_string: The pattern string to escape. ]] function str.escapePattern( frame ) local pattern_str = frame.args[1] if not pattern_str then return str._error( 'No pattern string specified' ) end local result = str._escapePattern( pattern_str ) return result end --[[ count This function counts the number of occurrences of one string in another. ]] function str.count(frame) local args = str._getParameters(frame.args, {'source', 'pattern', 'plain'}) local source = args.source or '' local pattern = args.pattern or '' local plain = str._getBoolean(args.plain or true) if plain then pattern = str._escapePattern(pattern) end local _, count = mw.ustring.gsub(source, pattern, '') return count end --[[ endswith This function determines whether a string ends with another string. ]] function str.endswith(frame) local args = str._getParameters(frame.args, {'source', 'pattern'}) local source = args.source or '' local pattern = args.pattern or '' if pattern == '' then -- All strings end with the empty string. return "yes" end if mw.ustring.sub(source, -mw.ustring.len(pattern), -1) == pattern then return "yes" else return "" end end --[[ join Join all non empty arguments together; the first argument is the separator. Usage: {{#invoke:String|join|sep|one|two|three}} ]] function str.join(frame) local args = {} local sep for _, v in ipairs( frame.args ) do if sep then if v ~= '' then table.insert(args, v) end else sep = v end end return table.concat( args, sep or '' ) end --[[ This will likely fail, but I will make it work eventually. split splits text at boundaries specified by separator and returns the chunk for the index idx (starting at 1) #invoke:String2 |split |text |separator |index |true/false #invoke:String2 |split |txt=text |sep=separator |idx=index |plain=true/false if plain is false/no/0 then separator is treated as a Lua pattern - defaults to plain=true ]] function str.split(frame) local args = frame.args if not(args[1] or args.txt) then args = frame:getParent().args end local txt = args[1] or args.txt or "" if txt == "" then return nil end local sep = (args[2] or args.sep or ""):gsub('"', '') local idx = tonumber(args[3] or args.idx) or 1 local plain = (args[4] or args.plain or "true"):sub(1,1) plain = (plain ~= "f" and plain ~= "n" and plain ~= "0") local splittbl = mw.text.split( txt, sep, plain ) if idx < 0 then idx = #splittbl + idx + 1 end return splittbl[idx] end --[[ Helper function that populates the argument list given that user may need to use a mix of named and unnamed parameters. This is relevant because named parameters are not identical to unnamed parameters due to string trimming, and when dealing with strings we sometimes want to either preserve or remove that whitespace depending on the application. ]] function str._getParameters( frame_args, arg_list ) local new_args = {} local index = 1 local value for _, arg in ipairs( arg_list ) do value = frame_args[arg] if value == nil then value = frame_args[index] index = index + 1 end new_args[arg] = value end return new_args end --[[ Helper function to handle error messages. ]] function str._error( error_str ) local frame = mw.getCurrentFrame() local error_category = frame.args.error_category or 'Errors reported by Module String' local ignore_errors = frame.args.ignore_errors or false local no_category = frame.args.no_category or false if str._getBoolean(ignore_errors) then return '' end local error_str = '<strong class="error">String Module Error: ' .. error_str .. '</strong>' if error_category ~= '' and not str._getBoolean( no_category ) then error_str = '[[Category:' .. error_category .. ']]' .. error_str end return error_str end --[[ Helper Function to interpret boolean strings ]] function str._getBoolean( boolean_str ) local boolean_value if type( boolean_str ) == 'string' then boolean_str = boolean_str:lower() if boolean_str == 'false' or boolean_str == 'no' or boolean_str == '0' or boolean_str == '' then boolean_value = false else boolean_value = true end elseif type( boolean_str ) == 'boolean' then boolean_value = boolean_str else error( 'No boolean value found' ) end return boolean_value end --[[ Helper function that escapes all pattern characters so that they will be treated as plain text. ]] function str._escapePattern( pattern_str ) return ( string.gsub( pattern_str, "[%(%)%.%%%+%-%*%?%[%^%$%]]", "%%%0" ) ) end return str